Nextcloud™

sudo apt install php8.x php8.x-common php8.x-gmp php8.x-mbstring php8.x-readline php8.x-xmlrpc php8.x-bcmath php8.x-curl php8.x-igbinary php8.x-mcrypt php8.x-redis php8.x-zip php8.x-bz2 php8.x-fpm php8.x-imagick php8.x-mysql php8.x-soap php8.x-cli php8.x-gd php8.x-intl php8.x-opcache php8.x-xml    

sudo apt install php8.3-bcmath php8.3-common php8.3-gd php8.3-imagick php8.3-mcrypt php8.3-readline php8.3-xml php8.3 php8.3-bz2 php8.3-curl php8.3-gmp php8.3-intl php8.3-mysql php8.3-redis php8.3-xmlrpc php8.3-apcu php8.3-cli php8.3-fpm php8.3-igbinary php8.3-mbstring php8.3-opcache php8.3-soap php8.3-zip

PHP settings are typically found in php.ini — /etc/php/8.x/fpm/php.ini

memory_limit = 512M
; Minimum recommended by Nextcloud; increase to 1G+ for heavy usage or large files.
 
upload_max_filesize = 2G
; Set to match your largest expected file size (e.g., 2G for 2 GB).
 
post_max_size = 2G
; Should match or exceed upload_max_filesize.
 
max_execution_time = 300
; Increase for long-running tasks like file uploads or cron jobs (300 seconds = 5 minutes).
 
date.timezone = America/New_York
; Set to your server's timezone to avoid warnings.
 
output_buffering = Off
; Nextcloud recommends disabling this to avoid issues with certain operations.

OPcache caches precompiled PHP bytecode, significantly speeding up Nextcloud. Add these to php.ini or a separate file like /etc/php/8.x/fpm/conf.d/10-opcache.ini

opcache.enable = 1
; Enable OPcache.
 
opcache.memory_consumption = 128
; Memory for cached scripts (128 MB is a good starting point; increase to 256 MB if RAM allows).
 
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 8
; Memory for string interning (8 MB is sufficient for most cases).
 
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 10000
; Max number of files to cache; adjust based on Nextcloud’s file count.
 
opcache.revalidate_freq = 60
; How often to check for file changes (60 seconds balances performance and freshness).
 
opcache.save_comments = 1
; Required by Nextcloud to preserve code comments in bytecode.
 
opcache.enable_cli = 0
; Disable for CLI to avoid unnecessary overhead in cron jobs.

For CPU-intensive tasks (e.g., image processing), enable the JIT compiler:

opcache.jit_buffer_size = 100M
opcache.jit = tracing
; "tracing" mode offers the best performance for web apps like Nextcloud.

Edit /etc/php/8.x/fpm/conf.d/10-opcache.ini

; configuration for php opcache module
; priority=10
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.jit_buffer_size=100M
opcache.jit=tracing

Check JIT is enabled

sudo php -i | grep -q 'opcache.jit_buffer_size => [^0]' && echo "JIT is enabled" || echo "JIT is disabled" 

PHP-FPM settings are typically in a pool configuration file like /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf. The default settings are often too conservative for Nextcloud, leading to slow response times or errors under load.

pm = dynamic
; "dynamic" adjusts the number of child processes based on load; use "static" for dedicated servers with predictable traffic.
 
pm.max_children = 120
; Max number of child processes; calculate as (Total RAM - 1G for OS/other services) / 50-100 MB per process.
; Example: 4 GB RAM → ~60-80 children; 8 GB RAM → ~120-150 children.
 
pm.start_servers = 12
; Initial processes; set to ~10-20% of max_children.
 
pm.min_spare_servers = 6
; Minimum idle processes; set to ~5-10% of max_children.
 
pm.max_spare_servers = 18
; Maximum idle processes; set to ~15-25% of max_children.
 
pm.max_requests = 500
; Restart child processes after this many requests to prevent memory leaks.

• Memory Usage: Each PHP-FPM process may use 50-100 MB of RAM, depending on loaded extensions and workload. Monitor with htop or ps and adjust max_children to avoid swapping.

• CPU Cores: Ensure start_servers + min_spare_servers doesn’t exceed your CPU core count to avoid contention.

• Static vs. Dynamic: Use pm = static with max_children set to a fixed number (e.g., 20-40) if your server is dedicated to Nextcloud and traffic is consistent.

Edit /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

request_terminate_timeout = 300
; Match max_execution_time to handle long uploads gracefully.
 
process.priority = -19
; Optional: Boost priority (requires root and SYS_NICE capability).

; configuration for php opcache module
; priority=10
opcache.enable = 1
; Enable OPcache.
 
opcache.memory_consumption = 128
; Memory for cached scripts (128 MB is a good starting point; increase to 256 MB if RAM allows).
 
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 8
; Memory for string interning (8 MB is sufficient for most cases).
 
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 10000
; Max number of files to cache; adjust based on Nextcloud’s file count.
 
opcache.revalidate_freq = 60
; How often to check for file changes (60 seconds balances performance and freshness).
 
opcache.save_comments = 1
; Required by Nextcloud to preserve code comments in bytecode.
 
zend_extension=opcache.so 
opcache.enable_cli = 1
; Disable for CLI to avoid unnecessary overhead in cron jobs.
;
opcache.jit_buffer_size = 100M
opcache.jit = tracing
; "tracing" mode offers the best performance for web apps like Nextcloud.
;
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 16
opcache.memory_consumption = 256

Referral manuals — by Nextcloud Documentation

• Memory Caching: Use Redis for local and file-locking caches to reduce database load. Edit /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php:

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
    'host' => 'localhost',
    'port' => 6379,
],
 

  <?php
$CONFIG = array (
... ... ... 
...
),
'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'filelocking.enabled' => 'true',
'memcache.distributed' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'redis' =>
array (
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
'timeout' => 0,
'dbindex' => 0,
),
); 

Install Redis (sudo apt install redis-server on Debian) and ensure it’s running.

sudo apt install redis-server php-redis

sudo ps ax | grep redis
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep redis

Clearing Redis Cache

sudo redis-cli
  SELECT <dbIndex>
  FLUSHDB

• Cron Jobs: Use a system cron job instead of AJAX for background tasks. Add to /etc/crontab:

*/5 * * * * www-data php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php

• Database: Use MySQL/MariaDB with InnoDB, and tune its configuration (e.g., innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G for 4 GB RAM).

• Check PHP settings: Create a phpinfo.php file with <?php phpinfo(); and access it via your browser.

• Monitor performance: Use top, htop, or Nextcloud’s admin overview for warnings.

• Test responsiveness: Upload large files and navigate the web interface under load.

• Low-End Servers (e.g., Raspberry Pi, 2 GB RAM): Reduce max_children to 10-20, memory_limit to 256M, and skip JIT.

• High-Traffic Servers (e.g., 16+ GB RAM): Increase max_children to 200+, memory_limit to 1-2G, and use Redis with multiple instances if needed.

This configuration provides a solid starting point for Nextcloud, balancing performance and resource efficiency. Fine-tune based on your server’s actual usage patterns and hardware capabilities.

ncdir='/path/to/nextcloud'
olddata='/old/path/to/data'
newdata='/new/path/to/data'

Turn maintenance mode on

sudo -u www-data php "$ncdir/occ" maintenance:mode --on

Move / Copy datadirectory for your purpose.

Change datadirectory value in …/config/config.php

sudo sed -i "s|$olddata|$newdata|" "$ncdir/config/config.php"

Before change database dataset, backup database for your safety.

Adjust oc_storages database table to reflect the new data folder location.

mysql -u"$dbuser" -p"$dbpass" -e "update $dbname.oc_storages set id='local::$newdata/' where id='local::$olddata/';"

Your webserver does not serve `.mjs` files using the JavaScript MIME type. This will break some apps by preventing browsers from executing the JavaScript files. You should configure your webserver to serve `.mjs` files with either the `text/javascript` or `application/javascript` MIME type.

Edit /etc/nginx/mime.types

   application/javascript                           js mjs;

Remove configuration in nginx conf

#    include mime.types;
#    types {
#        text/javascript js mjs;
#    }

The PHP module “imagick” in this instance has no SVG support

Install php-imagick moduel with associated packages

sudo apt install php-imagick imagemagick

Incorrect row format found in your database. ROW_FORMAT=Dynamic offers the best database performances for Nextcloud. Please update row format on the following list: …

Create the script and run with root permission with following:

#!/bin/bash
 
# Prompt for database credentials
read -p "Enter Database Name: " DB_NAME
read -p "Enter Username: " DB_USER
read -s -p "Enter Password: " DB_PASS
echo
 
# Execute all ALTER TABLE statements in one query
mysql -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS" "$DB_NAME" -Bse "
SELECT CONCAT('ALTER TABLE \`', TABLE_NAME, '\` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;') 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES 
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '$DB_NAME' 
AND ENGINE = 'InnoDB'
" | mysql -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS" "$DB_NAME"

Locate and open your Nextcloud config.php file (typically found in /path/to/nextcloud/config/config.php).

Add or modify the following line inside the $CONFIG = array ( block:

'trashbin_retention_obligation' => '30, 30',

(Setting both a minimum and maximum of 30 days guarantees the files will be purged exactly on that day).

Ensure your Nextcloud background jobs are running. To force the deletion of already expired files from the command line immediately, run:

sudo -u www-data php /path/to/nextcloud/occ trashbin:expire