====== Nextcloud™ ======

---- 

===== Required packages ===== 

<code bash> 
sudo apt install php8.x php8.x-common php8.x-gmp php8.x-mbstring php8.x-readline php8.x-xmlrpc php8.x-bcmath php8.x-curl php8.x-igbinary php8.x-mcrypt php8.x-redis php8.x-zip php8.x-bz2 php8.x-fpm php8.x-imagick php8.x-mysql php8.x-soap php8.x-cli php8.x-gd php8.x-intl php8.x-opcache php8.x-xml    
</code> 

----
==== Optimized PHP Configuration ====

=== Key PHP Settings === 

PHP settings are typically found in ''php.ini'' --- ''/etc/php/8.x/fpm/php.ini'' 

<code ini> 
memory_limit = 512M
; Minimum recommended by Nextcloud; increase to 1G+ for heavy usage or large files.

upload_max_filesize = 2G
; Set to match your largest expected file size (e.g., 2G for 2 GB).

post_max_size = 2G
; Should match or exceed upload_max_filesize.

max_execution_time = 300
; Increase for long-running tasks like file uploads or cron jobs (300 seconds = 5 minutes).

date.timezone = America/New_York
; Set to your server's timezone to avoid warnings.

output_buffering = Off
; Nextcloud recommends disabling this to avoid issues with certain operations.
</code>

----

=== OPcache Settings (Performance Boost) === 

OPcache caches precompiled PHP bytecode, significantly speeding up Nextcloud. Add these to php.ini or a separate file like ''/etc/php/8.x/fpm/conf.d/10-opcache.ini'' 

<code ini> 
opcache.enable = 1
; Enable OPcache.

opcache.memory_consumption = 128
; Memory for cached scripts (128 MB is a good starting point; increase to 256 MB if RAM allows).

opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 8
; Memory for string interning (8 MB is sufficient for most cases).

opcache.max_accelerated_files = 10000
; Max number of files to cache; adjust based on Nextcloud’s file count.

opcache.revalidate_freq = 60
; How often to check for file changes (60 seconds balances performance and freshness).

opcache.save_comments = 1
; Required by Nextcloud to preserve code comments in bytecode.

opcache.enable_cli = 0
; Disable for CLI to avoid unnecessary overhead in cron jobs.
</code>

---- 

=== Optional: JIT (PHP 8.0+) ===

For CPU-intensive tasks (e.g., image processing), enable the JIT compiler:

<code ini> 
opcache.jit_buffer_size = 100M
opcache.jit = tracing
; "tracing" mode offers the best performance for web apps like Nextcloud.
</code>

----

=== Enable JIT in Opcache === 

Edit ''/etc/php/8.x/fpm/conf.d/10-opcache.ini'' 

<code php> 
; configuration for php opcache module
; priority=10
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.jit_buffer_size=100M
opcache.jit=tracing
</code> 

Check JIT is enabled 

<code bash>
sudo php -i | grep -q 'opcache.jit_buffer_size => [^0]' && echo "JIT is enabled" || echo "JIT is disabled" 
</code>

----

==== Optimized PHP-FPM Configuration ==== 

PHP-FPM settings are typically in a pool configuration file like ''/etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf''. The default settings are often too conservative for Nextcloud, leading to slow response times or errors under load.

=== Process Manager Settings === 

<code ini>
pm = dynamic
; "dynamic" adjusts the number of child processes based on load; use "static" for dedicated servers with predictable traffic.

pm.max_children = 120
; Max number of child processes; calculate as (Total RAM - 1G for OS/other services) / 50-100 MB per process.
; Example: 4 GB RAM → ~60-80 children; 8 GB RAM → ~120-150 children.

pm.start_servers = 12
; Initial processes; set to ~10-20% of max_children.

pm.min_spare_servers = 6
; Minimum idle processes; set to ~5-10% of max_children.

pm.max_spare_servers = 18
; Maximum idle processes; set to ~15-25% of max_children.

pm.max_requests = 500
; Restart child processes after this many requests to prevent memory leaks.
</code>

---- 

=== Tuning Tips === 

  * Memory Usage: Each PHP-FPM process may use 50-100 MB of RAM, depending on loaded extensions and workload. Monitor with ''htop'' or ''ps'' and adjust ''max_children'' to avoid swapping.

  * CPU Cores: Ensure ''start_servers'' + ''min_spare_servers'' doesn’t exceed your CPU core count to avoid contention.

  * Static vs. Dynamic: Use ''pm = static'' with ''max_children'' set to a fixed number (e.g., 20-40) if your server is dedicated to Nextcloud and traffic is consistent.


----

=== Additional PHP-FPM Settings === 

<code ini> 
request_terminate_timeout = 300
; Match max_execution_time to handle long uploads gracefully.

process.priority = -19
; Optional: Boost priority (requires root and SYS_NICE capability).
</code>

----

==== Nextcloud-Specific Tweaks ==== 

{{mdi>information-variant?24&color=#be0027}} [[https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/caching_configuration.html|Referral manuals]] --- by Nextcloud Documentation 

  * Memory Caching: Use Redis for local and file-locking caches to reduce database load. Edit ''/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php'':
  <code php>
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
    'host' => 'localhost',
    'port' => 6379,
],
  </code> 
  
  <code php> 
  <?php
$CONFIG = array (
... ... ... 
...
),
'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'filelocking.enabled' => 'true',
'memcache.distributed' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'redis' =>
array (
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
'timeout' => 0,
'dbindex' => 0,
),
); 
</code>

Install Redis (sudo apt install redis-server on Debian) and ensure it’s running.

<code bash> 
sudo apt install redis-server php-redis
</code> 

<code bash> 
sudo ps ax | grep redis
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep redis
</code>

Clearing Redis Cache 

<code bash> 
sudo redis-cli
  SELECT <dbIndex>
  FLUSHDB
</code> 


  * Cron Jobs: Use a system cron job instead of AJAX for background tasks. Add to ''/etc/crontab'':

<code bash> 
*/5 * * * * www-data php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php
</code> 

  * Database: Use MySQL/MariaDB with InnoDB, and tune its configuration (e.g., ''innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G'' for 4 GB RAM).


----

==== Validation ==== 
 
  * Check PHP settings: Create a phpinfo.php file with <?php phpinfo(); and access it via your browser.
 
  * Monitor performance: Use top, htop, or Nextcloud’s admin overview for warnings.

  * Test responsiveness: Upload large files and navigate the web interface under load.

----

==== Scaling Adjustments ==== 

  * Low-End Servers (e.g., Raspberry Pi, 2 GB RAM): Reduce ''max_children'' to 10-20, ''memory_limit'' to 256M, and skip JIT.

  * High-Traffic Servers (e.g., 16+ GB RAM): Increase ''max_children'' to 200+, ''memory_limit'' to 1-2G, and use Redis with multiple instances if needed.


This configuration provides a solid starting point for Nextcloud, balancing performance and resource efficiency. Fine-tune based on your server’s actual usage patterns and hardware capabilities.

----
===== Solved Problems ===== 

==== mjs configuration error ==== 

== Error description == 
<text type="danger">Your webserver does not serve `.mjs` files using the JavaScript MIME type. This will break some apps by preventing browsers from executing the JavaScript files. You should configure your webserver to serve `.mjs` files with either the `text/javascript` or `application/javascript` MIME type. </text> 

== Solution == 

Edit ''/etc/nginx/mime.types''

<code ini> 
   application/javascript                           js mjs;
</code>

Remove configuration in nginx conf 

<code nginx> 
#    include mime.types;
#    types {
#        text/javascript js mjs;
#    }
</code> 

---- 

==== PHP imagick module ==== 

== Error description == 

<text type="danger">The PHP module “imagick” in this instance has no SVG support</text>

== Solution == 

Install php-imagick moduel with associated packages 

<code bash> 
sudo apt install php-imagick imagemagick
</code> 

----

==== Incorrect row format found ==== 

== Error description == 
 
<text type="danger">Incorrect row format found in your database. ROW_FORMAT=Dynamic offers the best database performances for Nextcloud. Please update row format on the following list: ... </text> 

== Solution == 

Create the script and run with root permission with following: 

<code bash> 
#!/bin/bash

# Prompt for database credentials
read -p "Enter Database Name: " DB_NAME
read -p "Enter Username: " DB_USER
read -s -p "Enter Password: " DB_PASS
echo

# Execute all ALTER TABLE statements in one query
mysql -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS" "$DB_NAME" -Bse "
SELECT CONCAT('ALTER TABLE \`', TABLE_NAME, '\` ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;') 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES 
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '$DB_NAME' 
AND ENGINE = 'InnoDB'
" | mysql -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS" "$DB_NAME"

</code>

----