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debian_common [2020/07/26 17:44] – [Basic commands 101] JΓΊne Parkdebian_common [2025/09/12 03:51] (current) – [Test and check HDD status] JΓΊne Park
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 <nav>  <nav> 
   * {{fa>server?color=#8B0000}} Linux   * {{fa>server?color=#8B0000}} Linux
-    * [[:rpi_common|β–  General Things on Raspbian]]Β +    * [[rpi_common|β–  General Things on Raspbian]]Β 
-    * [[:rpi_autism|Media Ditorium ─ AUTiSM Rainbow]]Β +    * [[rpi_nimbus|ππ’πŒππ”π’ π••π•–π”Ήπ•π•’π•Ÿπ•”]]Β 
-    * [[:rpi_epigen|Private Cellarium ─ EPiGEN Crystal]]Β +    * [[debian_common|β–  General info on Debian Linux]]Β 
-    * [[:rpi_nimbus|Webius Officium ─ NiMBUS deBlanc]]Β +    * [[deb_cicada|𝐂𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐃𝐀 π•Šπ•’π•©π• π•₯π•¦π•ž]]Β 
-    * [[:debian_common|β–  General info on Debian Linux]]Β +    * [[deb_mutism|πŒπ”π“π’π’πŒ π•„π•’π•˜π•Ÿπ•¦π•ž]] Β 
-    * [[:deb_mutism|Opus Imperium ─ MUTiSM Magnum]]Β +    * [[deb_gilead|𝐆𝐒𝐋𝐄𝐀𝐃 π”Έπ•£π•˜π•–π•Ÿπ•₯𝕒]] Β 
-    * [[:deb_gilead|Actu Periculum ─ GiLEAD Argenta]]Β +    * [[deb_symbio|π’π˜πŒππ’πŽ β„‚π• π•Ÿπ•’π•₯𝕦𝕀]]Β 
-    * [[:deb_debris|Finca LaDichium ─ DEBRiS Chrome]]+    * [[deb_tardis|𝐓𝐀𝐑𝐃𝐒𝐒 π•Šπ•‘π•’π•₯π•šπ•¦π•ž]] Β 
 +    * [[deb_debris|𝐃𝐄𝐁𝐑𝐒𝐒 β„‚π•™π•£π• π•žπ•–]] 
   * {{fa>windows?color=#0000A0}} Windows   * {{fa>windows?color=#0000A0}} Windows
     * [[:pc_common|β–  Common Works on Windows]]     * [[:pc_common|β–  Common Works on Windows]]
-    * [[:pc_mesonism|Primus Workstation ─ MESONiSM]]Β +    * [[PC_MESONiSM|πŒπ„π’πŽππ’π’πŒ]] Β 
-    * [[:pc_mesonium|Manibus Tablet ─ MESONiUM]]Β +    * [[PC_MESONiST|πŒπ„π’πŽππ’π’π“]]
-    * [[:pc_mesonist|Domumus Workstage ─ MESONiST]]Β +
-    * [[:pc_mesonity|Praevus Station ─ MESONiTY]]+
   * {{fa>android?color=#006400}} Android   * {{fa>android?color=#006400}} Android
     * [[:cell_common|β–  Common Stuffs on Androids]]     * [[:cell_common|β–  Common Stuffs on Androids]]
-    * [[:cell_epiaux|JΓΊne's Primus ─ EPiAUX 5X]]Β +    * [[CELL_EPiCON|π„ππ’π‚πŽπ π”½πŸ™]] Β 
-    * [[:cell_epihex|JΓΊne's Extentus ─ EPiHEX 6]]Β +    * [[CELL_EPiMER|π„ππ’πŒπ„π‘ 𝟑]] Β 
-    * [[:cell_epinex|JΓΊne's Secondus ─ EPiNEX 5]]Β +    * [[CELL_EPiLUX|𝐄𝐏𝐒𝐋𝐔𝐗 𝟟]]   Β 
-    * [[:cell_epitab|JΓΊne's Laminus - EPiTAB 7]]Β +    * [[CELL_EPiTAP|𝐄𝐏𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐏 πŸ™πŸ™]] Β 
-    * [[:cell_epixus|JΓΊne's Tertius ─ EPiXUS 4]]+    * [[CELL_EPiETA|𝐄𝐏𝐒𝐄𝐓𝐀 𝟜]] 
 </nav> </nav>
  
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 ===== Initial steps =====  ===== Initial steps ===== 
  
 +==== Watchlist for backup ==== 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +/etc/nginx/sites-available/* 
 +/var/www/*
 +/etc/transmission-daemon/  
 +/opt/scripts/ 
 +</code>
 +
 +**update-motd** 
 +<code bash>
 +/etc/update-motd.d/
 +</code>
 +
 +**crontab** 
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo crontab -l 
 +sudo -u www-data crontab -l 
 +crontab -l 
 +</code>
 +
 +**MariaDB** ''per DATABASE''
 +=== Backup MariaDB DATABASE === 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +/usr/bin/mysqldump --single-transaction -h localhost -u root -p[database_passwd] [database_name] > /..(path)../.backup/[database_name]-sqlbkp_`date +"%Y%m%d"`.bak
 +</code> 
 +
 +---- 
 +
 +=== Backup using rsync command === 
 +
 +== Backup Nginx configuration files == 
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo rsync -avh --progress /etc/nginx/sites-available/ /home/meson/.backup/nginx/nginx_config_`date +"%Y%m"`/ 
 +</code> 
 +
 +== Backup HTML source files == 
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo rsync -avh --progress /var/www/ /home/meson/.backup/html/html_backup_`date +"%Y%m"`/
 +</code> 
 +
 +----
 +=== Remote backup for webpages === 
 +Rsync with ''[TARGET]'' using rsync from ''[SOURCE]''  
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo -u www-data rsync -azP --exclude '.ssh' -e 'ssh -p [port_number]' --rsync-path="sudo rsync" /var/www/ [user]@[TARGET]:"/[TARGET PATH]../../"
 +</code> 
 +Put ''[SOURCE]'' public key in ''[TARGET]'' user's ''authorized_keys'' 
 +
 +----
 +==== Configure log files ==== 
 +
 +Edit ''/etc/nginx/nginx.conf'' 
 +<code nginx> 
 +        access_log /var/log/nginx/_access.log;
 +        error_log /var/log/nginx/_error.log;
 +</code> 
 +
 +----
 +==== Purge log files ==== 
 +
 +== Cleaning compressed log files == 
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo find /var/log -name '*.gz' -exec rm {} \;
 +</code> 
 +
 +----
 +
 +==== Set hostnames ==== 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo hostname HOSTiD 
 +sudo hostnamectl HOSTiD 
 +</code> 
 +
 +Edit ''/etc/hostname'' with full domain name 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +hostid.mydomain.com
 +</code> 
 +
 +----
 ==== Enable SSH ====  ==== Enable SSH ==== 
  
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 Append ''public keys'' for SSH client.  Append ''public keys'' for SSH client. 
  
-=== Enable colorful terminal === +---Β 
 +Β 
 +=== SSH Key to ED25519 === Β 
 +Β 
 +<code bash> Β 
 +ssh-keygen -o -a 100 -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -C "john@example.com"Β 
 +</code>Β 
 +Β 
 +  * ''-o'': Save the private-key using the new OpenSSH formatΒ 
 +  * ''-a'': KDF (Key Derivation Function) rounds. Higher numbers result in slower passphrase verification, increasing the resistance to brute-force password cracking should the private-key be stolen.Β 
 +  * ''-C'': An option to specify a commentΒ 
 +Β 
 +---Β 
 +Β 
 +==== Enable colorful terminal ==== 
  
 Comment out **''force_color_prompt=yes''** in ''~/.bashrc'' Comment out **''force_color_prompt=yes''** in ''~/.bashrc''
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 </code> </code>
    
 +=== Time stamp prompt === 
 +
 +Edit ''~/.bashrc'' and change ''PS1'' line 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
 +    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]: \[\033[01;33m\]\D{%T}\[\033[00m\] \[\033[01;37m\]\w\$\[\033[00m\] '
 +else
 +    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \D{%T} \w\$ '
 +fi
 +</code> 
 +
 +Save and load ''.bashrc'' 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +source ~/.bashrc 
 +</code> 
 +
  
 ---- ----
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 alias backup_nginx='sudo rsync -avh --progress /etc/nginx/ /home/user/storage/Nginx.Config//nginx_config_`date +"%Y%m%d"`/' alias backup_nginx='sudo rsync -avh --progress /etc/nginx/ /home/user/storage/Nginx.Config//nginx_config_`date +"%Y%m%d"`/'
 </code>  </code> 
 +
 +----
 +
 +==== Test and check HDD status ==== 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdX 
 +</code> 
 +
 +It takes 2 hours or more for 1T HDD. 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdX
 +</code> 
 +
 +=== Interpreting the Results === 
 +
 +''**Reallocated_Sector_Count**'': This attribute shows the number of bad sectors that the drive has remapped to its reserve pool. A rising count is a serious warning sign of a failing drive. 
 +
 +''**Current_Pending_Sector_Count**'': A non-zero value here indicates sectors that are unstable and couldn't be read properly, potentially leading to data loss or drive failure. A rising count is a strong indicator that the drive is close to failing. 
  
 ---- ----
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 ---- ----
 +=== NO-IP with ddclient === 
 +
 +<code ini>
 +  protocol=dyndns2
 +  server=dynupdate.no-ip.com
 +  login=your_login_id
 +  password=your_password
 +  your_domain.com
 +</code>
 +
 +----
 +
 === Google Domains with API ===  === Google Domains with API === 
  
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 ---- ----
  
 +
 +
 +
 +===== Install Services ===== 
 +
 +==== Nextcloudβ„’ ====
 +
 +[[os_nextcloud|Nextcloud 101]] --- Nextcloud user's Guides
 +
 +----
  
 ===== Upgrade & Maintenance ===== ===== Upgrade & Maintenance =====
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 sudo apt install nginx sudo apt install nginx
 </code>  </code> 
 +
 +----
 +
 +==== Upgrade mariadb ==== 
 +
 +<button type="link" icon="mdi mdi-database-plus">[[https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories|Setting up MariaDB Repositories]]</button>
 +
 +Select ''Disto'', ''Release'' and ''Version'' and follow the instruction 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
 +sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'
 +sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] https://ftp.harukasan.org/mariadb/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal main'
 +</code>
 +
 +Once the key is imported and the repository added you can install MariaDB 10.5 from the MariaDB repository with:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +sudo apt update
 +sudo apt install mariadb-server
 +</code>
 +
 +Check service is working correctly and installed version. 
 +
 +<code bash> 
 +sudo mysql -uroot -p
 +</code> 
 +
 +Alternatively, edit ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' or add repository with command line. 
 +
 +<code>
 +# MariaDB 10.5 repository list - created 2020-08-31 04:34 UTC
 +# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
 +deb [arch=amd64] https://ftp.harukasan.org/mariadb/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal main
 +deb-src https://ftp.harukasan.org/mariadb/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal main
 +</code>
 +
 +If you need debug packages, add the debug component to your sources.list with:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] https://ftp.harukasan.org/mariadb/repo/10.5/ubuntu focal main/debug'
 +</code> 
 +
 +MariaDB debug packages will now show up when searching for 'mariadb' with apt and are distinguished by the `-dbgsym` suffix. Debug packages are generally only needed during development and usually should not be installed unless you know that you need them.
  
 ---- ----
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 ---- ----
  
-=== tree === 
-   
-  tree  
-   
-The tree is a tiny, cross-platform command-line program used to recursively list or display the content of a directory in a tree-like format. 
- 
----- 
  
  • debian_common.1595785489
  • Last modified: 2020/07/26 17:44
  • by JΓΊne Park